A----
- [Acute onset]
- [mechanical obstruction]=>hospitalized, upright and supine abdominal x-rays
- [peritonitis]=>hospitalized
- [perforation]=>hospitalized
- treatment for [dehydration] and [electrolyte abnormalities]
- self-limited [viral gastroenteritis]
- Timing and description of vomiting
- [Vomiting in the morning]=>[pregnancy],[uremia],[alcohol ingestion],[increased intracranial pressure]
- [feculent odor vomitus]=>[intestinal obstruction]
- [abdominal pain]
- [fever]
- [diarrhea]
- [vertigo]
- history of similar illness among family and friends
- [Abdominal pain preceding vomiting]=>obstructive process
- [Weight loss]=>malignant process,[gastric outlet obstruction],[peptic ulcer disease]
- [headache]=>CNS cause
- [vertigo]=>CNS cause
- [neck stiffness]=>CNS cause
- [focal neurologic deficits]=>CNS cause
[intermittent vomiting] and [history of migraine]=>[cyclic vomiting syndrome]
- [Postoperative nausea and vomiting][PONV] complicate 11%–73% of surgical procedures. PONV is more common in women and younger patients and is more likely to occur after [general anesthesia].
B----
- Orthostatic blood pressures, [hypotension]
- [hypotension] & [no change in pulse rate]=>[autonomic neuropathy]
- [jaundice]
- [lymphadenopathy]
- [occult blood in stool]
- [thyrotoxicosis]
- [Addison disease]
- [malnutrition]
- Nausea and vomiting may result in [malnutrition] and various [deficiency states]
- [abdominal mass]
- [abdominal distention]
- [visible peristalsis]
- [abdominal hernias]
- [inguinal hernias]
- [abdominal tenderness]
- [succussion splash]=>[gastric outlet obstruction],[gastroparesis]
- Extremities examined for [scleroderma] or [peripheral neuropathy]
- Fingernails inspected for self-induced vomiting
- [Loss of dental enamel]=>[bulimia],[ gastroesophageal reflux disease]
- Examination of cranial nerves, funduscopic examination, and observation of the patient’s gait
- emetic injuries to the esophagus and stomach result from vomiting
- [Vomiting] lead to [Mallory-Weiss lacerations] and [upper GI bleeding]
- [Deeper lacerations in the esophagus] lead to [free perforation] ([Boerhaave’s syndrome])
- [Chronic vomiting] lead to [dental erosions] and [dental caries]
- [Purpura] appear after [prolonged vomiting]
- [pinhead-sized red macules on the face] [pinhead-sized red macules on upper neck] ([mask phenomenon])=>[prolonged vomiting]
- Nausea and vomiting occur in [congestive heart failure]
C----
- CBC, ESR, electrolytes, and standard chemistry profiles
- pregnancy test
- Screening for thyroid function
- [uremia], [diabetic ketoacidosis], [hyperparathyroidism], [hypoparathyroidism]
- Serum drug levels indicate [toxicity] in patients taking [digoxin], [theophylline], [salicylates], etc
- [Hyponatremia]=>[Addison disease]
- [Metabolic derangements] result from vomiting
- [Hypokalemia]=>[secondary hyperaldosteronism]
- [Alkalosis]