48 years old | Female
A 48-year-old woman with a history of migraine headaches presents to the emergency room with altered mental status over the last several hours. She was found by her husband, earlier in the day, to be acutely disoriented and increasingly somnolent. On physical examination, she has scleral icterus, mild right upper quadrant tenderness, and asterixis. Preliminary laboratory studies are notable for a serum alanine aminotransferase of 6498 units/L, total bilirubin of 5.6 mg/dL, and INR of 6.8. Her husband reports that she has consistently been taking pain medications and started taking additional 500 mg acetaminophen pills several days ago for lower back pain. Further history reveals a medication list with multiple acetaminophen-containing preparations.
history of migraine headaches | altered mental status | last several hours | acute | disoriented | somnolent | scleral icterus | right upper quadrant tenderness | asterixis | elevated serum alanine aminotransferase | elevated total bilirubin | elevated INR | acetaminophen
Acute liver failure
https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/101022/Acute-liver-failure/Common-Vignette ALF is a rare event, with an incidence of approximately 2000 cases annually in the US
Rank |
Disease |
Weight |
---|---|---|
1 | Biliary cirrhosis | 579.0 |
2 | Primary biliary cirrhosis | 559.0 |
3 | Liver Cirrhosis | 489.0 |
4 | Primary sclerosing cholangitis | 477.0 |
5 | Acute Cholangitis | 475.0 |
6 | Alcoholic Liver Disease | 440.0 |
7 | Hepatic Encephalopathy | 429.0 |
8 | Acute Liver Failure | 419.0 |
9 | Alcoholic hepatitis | 410.0 |
10 | Eclampsia | 399.0 |
11 | Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis | 382.0 |
12 | chronic acalculous cholecystitis | 379.0 |
13 | Cholangiocarcinoma | 364.0 |
14 | Autoimmune hepatitis | 351.0 |
15 | Acute fatty liver of pregnancy | 341.0 |
16 | Common cutaneous drug reactions | 339.0 |
17 | Alcoholic Fatty Liver | 315.0 |
18 | Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess | 311.0 |
19 | Acalculous Cholecystitis | 304.0 |
20 | Acute Cholecystitis | 290.0 |
21 | Rocky Mountain spotted fever | 284.0 |
22 | Acute Hepatitis | 283.0 |
23 | Gallstone pancreatitis | 282.0 |
24 | biliary SOD | 280.0 |
25 | Preeclampsia | 279.0 |
26 | Pyogenic Liver Abscess | 278.0 |
27 | Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis | 264.0 |
28 | Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | 260.0 |
29 | Acute bacterial meningitis in children | 254.0 |
30 | Emphysematous cholecystitis | 253.0 |
31 | Acute bacterial meningitis in adults | 251.0 |
32 | Choledocholithiasis | 250.0 |
33 | Liver disease | 250.0 |
34 | Sarcoidosis | 244.0 |
35 | Ruptured ectopic pregnancy | 244.0 |
36 | Gallbladder Dyskinesia | 244.0 |
37 | Short bowel syndrome | 243.0 |
38 | Chronic Hepatitis | 243.0 |
39 | Acute intermittent porphyria | 235.0 |
40 | Wilson disease | 234.0 |
41 | Mirizzi Syndrome | 226.0 |
42 | Budd Chiari Syndrome | 223.0 |
43 | Malaria | 220.0 |
44 | pancreatic cancer | 217.0 |
45 | Acetaminophen overdose | 214.0 |
46 | Anaphylaxis | 211.0 |
47 | Hepatocellular carcinoma | 211.0 |
48 | Fibromyalgia | 210.0 |
49 | Foreign body ingestion | 210.0 |
50 | Infectious mononucleosis | 207.0 |
51 | Acute Appendicitis | 207.0 |
52 | Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura | 204.0 |
53 | Cystic Fibrosis | 200.0 |
54 | Obstructive Sleep Apnea | 194.0 |
55 | Tuberculous Peritonitis | 194.0 |
56 | Chronic heart failure | 193.0 |
57 | Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis | 189.0 |
58 | Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic state | 189.0 |
59 | Toxic Megacolon | 187.0 |
60 | Acute perforated appendicitis | 187.0 |
61 | Hemolytic uremic syndrome | 185.0 |
62 | Acute Pancreatitis | 182.0 |
63 | Graves Disease | 182.0 |
64 | Gilbert syndrome | 181.0 |
65 | Bacterial pharyngitis | 179.0 |
66 | Ischemic stroke | 177.0 |
67 | Acute viral meningitis | 177.0 |
68 | Subdural hematoma | 176.0 |
69 | Acute heart failure | 174.0 |
70 | Amebic Liver Abscess | 173.0 |
71 | Hemorrhagic stroke | 172.0 |
72 | Celiac Disease | 170.0 |
73 | Brucellosis | 170.0 |
74 | COPD Exacerbation | 170.0 |
75 | Gastritis | 168.0 |
76 | Chronic bacterial prostatitis | 166.0 |
77 | Hereditary hemochromatosis | 164.0 |
78 | Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy | 163.0 |
79 | Adrenocortical carcinoma | 162.0 |
80 | Stroke | 162.0 |
81 | Addison Disease | 162.0 |
82 | Rotor syndrome | 162.0 |
83 | Biliary cyst | 161.0 |
84 | Chronic Cholecystitis | 160.0 |
85 | Acute respiratory failure | 159.0 |
86 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia in children | 158.0 |
87 | Cryptococcosis | 157.0 |
88 | Systemic sclerosis | 156.0 |
89 | Adrenal crisis | 155.0 |
90 | biliary colic | 155.0 |
91 | Hypothyroidism | 154.0 |
92 | Hyperprolactinemia | 153.0 |
93 | Aortic Dissection | 153.0 |
94 | Esophagitis | 150.0 |
95 | Non-small cell lung cancer | 150.0 |
96 | Extraintestinal Entamoeba histolytica amebiasis | 150.0 |
97 | Chronic Clonorchiasis | 147.0 |
98 | Gallbladder cancer | 147.0 |
99 | mucosal Eosinophilic gastroenteritis | 146.0 |
100 | Aseptic meningitis | 146.0 |
101 | Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome | 146.0 |
102 | Diabetic Ketoacidosis | 145.0 |
103 | Fungal meningitis | 144.0 |
104 | Pneumonia | 143.0 |
105 | Shigellosis | 143.0 |
106 | Cholestasis | 140.0 |
107 | Intrahepatic Cholestasis | 140.0 |
108 | Familial Mediterranean fever | 139.0 |
109 | Listerial gastroenteritis | 137.0 |
110 | Ulcerative Colitis | 134.0 |
111 | Systemic lupus erythematosus | 133.0 |
112 | Gastroesophageal reflux disease | 133.0 |
113 | Type 2 Diabetes mellitus | 132.0 |
114 | Chronic Renal vein thrombosis | 132.0 |
115 | Primary Myelofibrosis | 132.0 |
116 | Choledochal Cyst | 132.0 |
117 | Acute peritonitis | 131.0 |
118 | Hypercalcemia | 130.0 |
119 | Bacterial gastroenteritis | 128.0 |
120 | Acromegaly | 128.0 |
121 | Multiple Myeloma | 128.0 |
122 | Disseminated intravascular coagulation | 128.0 |
123 | COVID19 | 127.0 |
124 | Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Adults | 127.0 |
125 | Hepatorenal Syndrome | 126.0 |
126 | anterior ischemic optic neuropathy | 125.0 |
127 | chronic biliary obstruction | 125.0 |
128 | subserosal eosinophilic gastroenteritis | 124.0 |
129 | pancreatic SOD | 124.0 |
130 | Campylobacter infection | 123.0 |
131 | Gallstones | 123.0 |
132 | Polyarteritis nodosa | 121.0 |
133 | Autoimmune Pancreatitis | 119.0 |
134 | Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia in children | 116.0 |
135 | Chronic Kidney Diseases | 116.0 |
136 | Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia | 115.0 |
137 | Renal Cell Carcinoma | 114.0 |
138 | Clonorchiasis | 114.0 |
139 | Hyperthyroidism | 113.0 |
140 | Cholecystitis | 113.0 |
141 | Muscle Layer Eosinophilic gastroenteritis | 112.0 |
142 | Renal and perinephric abscess | 112.0 |
143 | Extrahepatic Cholestasis | 111.0 |
144 | Ruptured ovarian cyst | 110.0 |
145 | Allergic rhinitis | 108.0 |
146 | Bladder Cancer | 107.0 |
147 | Ovarian and fallopian tube torsion | 106.0 |
148 | Influenza | 105.0 |
149 | Chronic liver disease | 105.0 |
150 | Non-diabetic hypoglycemia | 105.0 |
151 | Acute pelvic inflammatory disease | 105.0 |
152 | Acute Myeloid Leukemia in adults | 104.0 |
153 | Non-cholera Vibrio infections | 104.0 |
154 | Hiatus hernia | 103.0 |
155 | Colorectal cancer | 103.0 |
156 | Anthrax | 102.0 |
157 | Candidal intertrigo | 102.0 |
158 | Candida Balanitis | 102.0 |
159 | Oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis | 102.0 |
160 | Vulvovaginal candidiasis | 102.0 |
161 | Oral candidiasis | 102.0 |
162 | Central retinal artery occlusion | 101.0 |
163 | Alopecia areata | 101.0 |
164 | Stable ischemic heart disease | 101.0 |
165 | Acute peptic ulcer | 100.0 |
166 | Chronic Pancreatitis | 100.0 |
167 | Acute pyelonephritis in adults | 100.0 |
168 | Dubin-Johnson syndrome | 100.0 |
169 | Migraine headache in adults | 99.0 |
170 | Churg-Strauss Syndrome | 98.0 |
171 | Angle Closure Glaucoma | 98.0 |
172 | Acute otitis media | 98.0 |
173 | Transient ischemic attack | 98.0 |
174 | Typhoid infection | 98.0 |
175 | Eosinophilic gastroenteritis | 97.0 |
176 | Asthma | 97.0 |
177 | Chronic Mitral regurgitation | 95.0 |
178 | Granulomatosis with polyangiitis | 95.0 |
179 | Lung Cancer | 94.0 |
180 | Cushing syndrome | 94.0 |
181 | Ileus | 94.0 |
182 | Sialadenitis | 94.0 |
183 | Acute pericarditis | 94.0 |
184 | Splenic Infarction | 93.0 |
185 | Motion Sickness | 91.0 |
186 | Amyloidosis | 91.0 |
187 | Amphetamine use disorder | 91.0 |
188 | Liver Abscess | 91.0 |
189 | Herpes pharyngitis | 90.0 |
190 | Pharyngitis | 90.0 |
191 | Premenstrual syndrome | 90.0 |
192 | Crohn Disease | 90.0 |
193 | Ovarian Cancer | 90.0 |
194 | Pulmonary Embolism | 90.0 |
195 | Osteoarthritis | 90.0 |
196 | Croup | 90.0 |
197 | Intussusception | 89.0 |
198 | Acute Rhinosinusitis | 88.0 |
199 | Acute viral rhinosinusitis | 88.0 |
200 | Hyperparathyroidism | 88.0 |
201 | Glomerulonephritis | 87.0 |
202 | Ischemic optic neuropathy | 87.0 |
203 | posteriorischemic optic neuropathy | 87.0 |
204 | Chronic pelvic pain in women | 87.0 |
205 | Amebiasis | 87.0 |
206 | Abnormal uterine bleeding | 86.0 |
207 | Irritable Bowel Syndrome | 85.0 |
208 | Ankylosing spondylitis | 85.0 |
209 | Gastroenteritis | 85.0 |
210 | Kawasaki disease | 85.0 |
211 | Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome | 85.0 |
212 | Viral pharyngitis | 84.0 |
213 | Bell palsy | 84.0 |
214 | Dyspepsia | 84.0 |
215 | Hereditary Angioedema | 83.0 |
216 | Mesenteric ischemia | 83.0 |
217 | Kidney stones | 83.0 |
218 | STI HIV Pharyngitis | 82.0 |
219 | Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis | 82.0 |
220 | Gout | 82.0 |
221 | Rheumatoid Arthritis | 82.0 |
222 | Gestational diabetes mellitus | 81.0 |
223 | Inflammatory Bowel Diseases | 80.0 |
224 | Chronic Myeloid Leukemia | 79.0 |
225 | Graves ophthalmopathy | 79.0 |
226 | Gastric cancer | 79.0 |
227 | Hypertriglyceridemia | 79.0 |
228 | Multiple Sclerosis | 78.0 |
229 | Analgesic nephropathy | 78.0 |
230 | Pheochromocytoma | 77.0 |
231 | Hyperaldosteronism | 76.0 |
232 | Kartagener syndrome | 76.0 |
233 | Primary ciliary dyskinesia | 76.0 |
234 | Travelers diarrhea | 76.0 |
235 | Cataract | 75.0 |
236 | Viral Gastroenteritis | 74.0 |
237 | Panic disorder in adults | 74.0 |
238 | Gastric Volvulus | 74.0 |
239 | Chronic fatigue syndrome | 73.0 |
240 | Chlamydia pneumoniae infection | 73.0 |
241 | Type 1 Diabetes mellitus | 73.0 |
242 | Intraperitoneal bleeding | 73.0 |
243 | Penis Carcinoma | 72.0 |
244 | Ascites | 72.0 |
245 | Salmonella infection | 72.0 |
246 | Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A | 70.0 |
247 | Renal vein thrombosis | 70.0 |
248 | Acute Renal vein thrombosis | 70.0 |
249 | Acute bacterial meningitis in neonates | 70.0 |
250 | Diabetic Kidney Disease | 70.0 |
251 | Intestinal Obstruction | 70.0 |
252 | Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease | 70.0 |
253 | Central hypothyroidism | 69.0 |
254 | Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia | 69.0 |
255 | Diabetic Neuropathy | 69.0 |
256 | Breast Cancer | 69.0 |
257 | Central diabetes insipidus | 68.0 |
258 | biliary obstruction | 68.0 |
259 | Lactose intolerance | 66.0 |
260 | Duodenal Ulcer | 66.0 |
261 | Gastric Ulcer | 66.0 |
262 | Mitral Stenosis | 65.0 |
263 | Osteoporosis | 65.0 |
264 | Varicocele | 65.0 |
265 | Torsion of appendix of testis | 65.0 |
266 | Meckel diverticulum | 64.0 |
267 | Hypogammaglobulinemia | 64.0 |
268 | Insect bites and stings | 63.0 |
269 | Toxic thyroid adenoma | 63.0 |
270 | Aortic stenosis | 63.0 |
271 | Adrenal Suppression | 62.0 |
272 | Giardiasis | 62.0 |
273 | Food poisoning | 62.0 |
274 | Common cold(adults) | 61.0 |
275 | Nasal polyps | 61.0 |
276 | Chronic pyelonephritis | 61.0 |
277 | Balanitis | 61.0 |
278 | Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome | 61.0 |
279 | Pancreatic Pseudocyst | 61.0 |
280 | Musculoskeletal sprains and strains | 61.0 |
281 | Hyperglycemia | 60.0 |
282 | Autoimmune hemolytic anemia | 60.0 |
283 | End Stage Renal Disease | 60.0 |
284 | Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease | 60.0 |
285 | Periorbital and orbital cellulitis | 59.0 |
286 | Goiter | 59.0 |
287 | Diffuse nontoxic goiter | 59.0 |
288 | Toxic multinodular goiter | 59.0 |
289 | Obstructive cervical goiters | 59.0 |
290 | Cervical goiter | 59.0 |
291 | Painless thyroiditis | 58.0 |
292 | Sunburn | 57.0 |
293 | Gastric Outlet Obstruction | 57.0 |
294 | Insomnia in adults | 57.0 |
295 | Epiploic appendagitis | 57.0 |
296 | Empyema | 57.0 |
297 | Immune thrombocytopenia | 55.0 |
298 | Foodborne E coli infection | 55.0 |
299 | Chronic atrial fibrillation | 55.0 |
300 | Erectile dysfunction | 55.0 |
301 | Milk-alkali syndrome | 54.0 |
302 | Cholera | 54.0 |
303 | Acute Milk-alkali syndrome | 54.0 |
304 | Chronic Milk-alkali syndrome | 54.0 |
305 | cholestatic liver disease | 54.0 |
306 | Anterior scleritis | 53.0 |
307 | Alzheimer disease | 53.0 |
308 | Hypoparathyroidism | 53.0 |
309 | Ruptured Tuboovarian abscess | 52.0 |
310 | Migraine | 52.0 |
311 | Guillain-Barre syndrome | 52.0 |
312 | Intestinal Entamoeba histolytica amebiasis | 52.0 |
313 | Aortic coarctation | 51.0 |
314 | Diverticulitis | 51.0 |
315 | Open Angle Glaucoma | 50.0 |
316 | Acute Clonorchiasis | 50.0 |
317 | Cellulitis | 50.0 |
318 | Stevens-Johnson syndrome | 50.0 |
319 | Herpes zoster | 49.0 |
320 | Abetalipoproteinemia | 49.0 |
321 | Rumination Syndrome | 49.0 |
322 | Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction | 49.0 |
323 | Common cold(children) | 48.0 |
324 | Phenylketonuria | 48.0 |
325 | Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus | 48.0 |
326 | Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease | 48.0 |
327 | Parkinson disease | 47.0 |
328 | Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome | 47.0 |
329 | Systemic vasculitis | 46.0 |
330 | Diabetes Mellitus | 46.0 |
331 | Achalasia | 46.0 |
332 | Sigmoid volvulus | 45.0 |
333 | Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis | 44.0 |
334 | Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction | 44.0 |
335 | Posterior scleritis | 43.0 |
336 | Scleritis | 43.0 |
337 | Endometriosis | 43.0 |
338 | Annular pancreas | 43.0 |
339 | Prinzmetal angina | 42.0 |
340 | Menopause | 42.0 |
341 | Ovarian Torsion | 41.0 |
342 | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome | 41.0 |
343 | Acute Mitral regurgitation | 41.0 |
344 | Endometrial cancer | 41.0 |
345 | Von willebrand disease | 41.0 |
346 | Paraphimosis | 40.0 |
347 | Varicose veins | 40.0 |
348 | Achilles tendinopathy | 40.0 |
349 | Achilles tendon rupture | 40.0 |
350 | chronic cholestatic liver disease | 39.0 |
351 | Papilledema | 38.0 |
352 | Atopic dermatitis | 37.0 |
353 | Optic neuritis | 37.0 |
354 | Neuropapillitis | 37.0 |
355 | Leiomyomas | 37.0 |
356 | Anaplastic thyroid cancer | 36.0 |
357 | Osteomalacia | 36.0 |
358 | Diabetic Amyotrophy | 36.0 |
359 | Drowning | 35.0 |
360 | Clostridium difficile infection | 34.0 |
361 | Paraneoplastic Syndromes | 33.0 |
362 | Acute cervical spine trauma | 33.0 |
363 | Splenic abscess | 33.0 |
364 | Endometritis | 31.0 |
365 | Atypical pneumonia | 31.0 |
366 | Intestinal malrotation | 31.0 |
367 | iritis | 30.0 |
368 | Genital herpes | 30.0 |
369 | Chronic meningitis | 30.0 |
370 | Pelvic inflammatory disease | 30.0 |
371 | Psychogenic polydipsia | 29.0 |
372 | Inguinal hernia | 29.0 |
373 | Stable angina | 28.0 |
374 | Gallbladder Empyema | 28.0 |
375 | Acute Bronchitis | 27.0 |
376 | Peroneal Neuropathy | 27.0 |
377 | Prolactinoma | 26.0 |
378 | Peptic Ulcer | 26.0 |
379 | Peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis | 26.0 |
380 | Psoas Abscess | 26.0 |
381 | Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage | 25.0 |
382 | Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 25.0 |
383 | Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage | 25.0 |
384 | Hemorrhoids | 24.0 |
385 | Osteomyelitis | 24.0 |
386 | Intestinal Pseudo Obstruction | 24.0 |
387 | Acute atrial fibrillation | 23.0 |
388 | Portal hypertension | 23.0 |
389 | Anterior uveitis | 23.0 |
390 | Preseptal cellulitis | 23.0 |
391 | Pseudohypoparathyroidism | 22.0 |
392 | Secondary hyperparathyroidism | 22.0 |
393 | Secondary Peritonitis | 22.0 |
394 | Temporomandibular joint syndrome | 21.0 |
395 | Dacryocystitis | 20.0 |
396 | Simple kidney cyst | 20.0 |
397 | Deep venous thrombosis | 20.0 |
398 | Urinary Tract Obstruction | 19.0 |
399 | Dry eye | 19.0 |
400 | Blepharitis | 19.0 |
401 | Ichthyosis | 18.0 |
402 | Mallory-Weiss syndrome | 18.0 |
403 | Trachoma | 18.0 |
404 | Uveitis | 18.0 |
405 | Intermediate uveitis | 18.0 |
406 | Posterior uveitis | 18.0 |
407 | Pan uveitis | 18.0 |
408 | Bed bugs | 17.0 |
409 | Substernal goiter | 17.0 |
410 | Animal bites | 16.0 |
411 | Testicular cancer | 16.0 |
412 | Rosacea | 16.0 |
413 | Intra-abdominal abscess | 16.0 |
414 | Abdominal compartment syndrome | 15.0 |
415 | Ectopic Pregnancy | 15.0 |
416 | Gastroparesis | 15.0 |
417 | Morton neuroma | 15.0 |
418 | Keloid | 14.0 |
419 | Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B | 13.0 |
420 | Anemia of chronic disease | 13.0 |
421 | Male factor infertility | 11.0 |
422 | Thyroid lymphoma | 11.0 |
423 | Umbilical hernia | 11.0 |
424 | Malt lymphoma | 10.0 |
425 | Oropharyngeal cancer | 8.0 |
426 | Premature labor | 7.0 |
427 | Bullous pemphigoid | 4.0 |
428 | ST-elevation myocardial infarction | 4.0 |
429 | Labyrinthitis | 0.0 |
430 | Meniere disease | 0.0 |
431 | Tetanus | 0.0 |
432 | Bruxism | 0.0 |
433 | Myasthenia Gravis | 0.0 |
434 | Neonatal Myasthenia Gravis | 0.0 |
435 | Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes | 0.0 |
436 | Musculoskeletal lower back pain | 0.0 |
437 | Discogenic low back pain | 0.0 |
438 | Essential Tremor | 0.0 |
439 | Gingivitis | 0.0 |
440 | Renal Artery Stenosis | 0.0 |