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A 48-year-old woman with a history of migraine headaches

48 years old | Female

Vignette:

A 48-year-old woman with a history of migraine headaches presents to the emergency room with altered mental status over the last several hours. She was found by her husband, earlier in the day, to be acutely disoriented and increasingly somnolent. On physical examination, she has scleral icterus, mild right upper quadrant tenderness, and asterixis. Preliminary laboratory studies are notable for a serum alanine aminotransferase of 6498 units/L, total bilirubin of 5.6 mg/dL, and INR of 6.8. Her husband reports that she has consistently been taking pain medications and started taking additional 500 mg acetaminophen pills several days ago for lower back pain. Further history reveals a medication list with multiple acetaminophen-containing preparations.

Summary:

history of migraine headaches | altered mental status | last several hours | acute | disoriented | somnolent | scleral icterus | right upper quadrant tenderness | asterixis | elevated serum alanine aminotransferase | elevated total bilirubin | elevated INR | acetaminophen

Dx:

Acute liver failure

Ref:

https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/101022/Acute-liver-failure/Common-Vignette ALF is a rare event, with an incidence of approximately 2000 cases annually in the US

Rank

Disease

Weight

1 Biliary cirrhosis 579.0
2 Primary biliary cirrhosis 559.0
3 Liver Cirrhosis 489.0
4 Primary sclerosing cholangitis 477.0
5 Acute Cholangitis 475.0
6 Alcoholic Liver Disease 440.0
7 Hepatic Encephalopathy 429.0
8 Acute Liver Failure 419.0
9 Alcoholic hepatitis 410.0
10 Eclampsia 399.0
11 Alcoholic Liver Cirrhosis 382.0
12 chronic acalculous cholecystitis 379.0
13 Cholangiocarcinoma 364.0
14 Autoimmune hepatitis 351.0
15 Acute fatty liver of pregnancy 341.0
16 Common cutaneous drug reactions 339.0
17 Alcoholic Fatty Liver 315.0
18 Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess 311.0
19 Acalculous Cholecystitis 304.0
20 Acute Cholecystitis 290.0
21 Rocky Mountain spotted fever 284.0
22 Acute Hepatitis 283.0
23 Gallstone pancreatitis 282.0
24 biliary SOD 280.0
25 Preeclampsia 279.0
26 Pyogenic Liver Abscess 278.0
27 Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis 264.0
28 Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease 260.0
29 Acute bacterial meningitis in children 254.0
30 Emphysematous cholecystitis 253.0
31 Acute bacterial meningitis in adults 251.0
32 Choledocholithiasis 250.0
33 Liver disease 250.0
34 Sarcoidosis 244.0
35 Ruptured ectopic pregnancy 244.0
36 Gallbladder Dyskinesia 244.0
37 Short bowel syndrome 243.0
38 Chronic Hepatitis 243.0
39 Acute intermittent porphyria 235.0
40 Wilson disease 234.0
41 Mirizzi Syndrome 226.0
42 Budd Chiari Syndrome 223.0
43 Malaria 220.0
44 pancreatic cancer 217.0
45 Acetaminophen overdose 214.0
46 Anaphylaxis 211.0
47 Hepatocellular carcinoma 211.0
48 Fibromyalgia 210.0
49 Foreign body ingestion 210.0
50 Infectious mononucleosis 207.0
51 Acute Appendicitis 207.0
52 Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura 204.0
53 Cystic Fibrosis 200.0
54 Obstructive Sleep Apnea 194.0
55 Tuberculous Peritonitis 194.0
56 Chronic heart failure 193.0
57 Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 189.0
58 Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic state 189.0
59 Toxic Megacolon 187.0
60 Acute perforated appendicitis 187.0
61 Hemolytic uremic syndrome 185.0
62 Acute Pancreatitis 182.0
63 Graves Disease 182.0
64 Gilbert syndrome 181.0
65 Bacterial pharyngitis 179.0
66 Ischemic stroke 177.0
67 Acute viral meningitis 177.0
68 Subdural hematoma 176.0
69 Acute heart failure 174.0
70 Amebic Liver Abscess 173.0
71 Hemorrhagic stroke 172.0
72 Celiac Disease 170.0
73 Brucellosis 170.0
74 COPD Exacerbation 170.0
75 Gastritis 168.0
76 Chronic bacterial prostatitis 166.0
77 Hereditary hemochromatosis 164.0
78 Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy 163.0
79 Adrenocortical carcinoma 162.0
80 Stroke 162.0
81 Addison Disease 162.0
82 Rotor syndrome 162.0
83 Biliary cyst 161.0
84 Chronic Cholecystitis 160.0
85 Acute respiratory failure 159.0
86 Acute Myeloid Leukemia in children 158.0
87 Cryptococcosis 157.0
88 Systemic sclerosis 156.0
89 Adrenal crisis 155.0
90 biliary colic 155.0
91 Hypothyroidism 154.0
92 Hyperprolactinemia 153.0
93 Aortic Dissection 153.0
94 Esophagitis 150.0
95 Non-small cell lung cancer 150.0
96 Extraintestinal Entamoeba histolytica amebiasis 150.0
97 Chronic Clonorchiasis 147.0
98 Gallbladder cancer 147.0
99 mucosal Eosinophilic gastroenteritis 146.0
100 Aseptic meningitis 146.0
101 Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome 146.0
102 Diabetic Ketoacidosis 145.0
103 Fungal meningitis 144.0
104 Pneumonia 143.0
105 Shigellosis 143.0
106 Cholestasis 140.0
107 Intrahepatic Cholestasis 140.0
108 Familial Mediterranean fever 139.0
109 Listerial gastroenteritis 137.0
110 Ulcerative Colitis 134.0
111 Systemic lupus erythematosus 133.0
112 Gastroesophageal reflux disease 133.0
113 Type 2 Diabetes mellitus 132.0
114 Chronic Renal vein thrombosis 132.0
115 Primary Myelofibrosis 132.0
116 Choledochal Cyst 132.0
117 Acute peritonitis 131.0
118 Hypercalcemia 130.0
119 Bacterial gastroenteritis 128.0
120 Acromegaly 128.0
121 Multiple Myeloma 128.0
122 Disseminated intravascular coagulation 128.0
123 COVID19 127.0
124 Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia in Adults 127.0
125 Hepatorenal Syndrome 126.0
126 anterior ischemic optic neuropathy 125.0
127 chronic biliary obstruction 125.0
128 subserosal eosinophilic gastroenteritis 124.0
129 pancreatic SOD 124.0
130 Campylobacter infection 123.0
131 Gallstones 123.0
132 Polyarteritis nodosa 121.0
133 Autoimmune Pancreatitis 119.0
134 Acute Lymphoblastic leukemia in children 116.0
135 Chronic Kidney Diseases 116.0
136 Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia 115.0
137 Renal Cell Carcinoma 114.0
138 Clonorchiasis 114.0
139 Hyperthyroidism 113.0
140 Cholecystitis 113.0
141 Muscle Layer Eosinophilic gastroenteritis 112.0
142 Renal and perinephric abscess 112.0
143 Extrahepatic Cholestasis 111.0
144 Ruptured ovarian cyst 110.0
145 Allergic rhinitis 108.0
146 Bladder Cancer 107.0
147 Ovarian and fallopian tube torsion 106.0
148 Influenza 105.0
149 Chronic liver disease 105.0
150 Non-diabetic hypoglycemia 105.0
151 Acute pelvic inflammatory disease 105.0
152 Acute Myeloid Leukemia in adults 104.0
153 Non-cholera Vibrio infections 104.0
154 Hiatus hernia 103.0
155 Colorectal cancer 103.0
156 Anthrax 102.0
157 Candidal intertrigo 102.0
158 Candida Balanitis 102.0
159 Oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis 102.0
160 Vulvovaginal candidiasis 102.0
161 Oral candidiasis 102.0
162 Central retinal artery occlusion 101.0
163 Alopecia areata 101.0
164 Stable ischemic heart disease 101.0
165 Acute peptic ulcer 100.0
166 Chronic Pancreatitis 100.0
167 Acute pyelonephritis in adults 100.0
168 Dubin-Johnson syndrome 100.0
169 Migraine headache in adults 99.0
170 Churg-Strauss Syndrome 98.0
171 Angle Closure Glaucoma 98.0
172 Acute otitis media 98.0
173 Transient ischemic attack 98.0
174 Typhoid infection 98.0
175 Eosinophilic gastroenteritis 97.0
176 Asthma 97.0
177 Chronic Mitral regurgitation 95.0
178 Granulomatosis with polyangiitis 95.0
179 Lung Cancer 94.0
180 Cushing syndrome 94.0
181 Ileus 94.0
182 Sialadenitis 94.0
183 Acute pericarditis 94.0
184 Splenic Infarction 93.0
185 Motion Sickness 91.0
186 Amyloidosis 91.0
187 Amphetamine use disorder 91.0
188 Liver Abscess 91.0
189 Herpes pharyngitis 90.0
190 Pharyngitis 90.0
191 Premenstrual syndrome 90.0
192 Crohn Disease 90.0
193 Ovarian Cancer 90.0
194 Pulmonary Embolism 90.0
195 Osteoarthritis 90.0
196 Croup 90.0
197 Intussusception 89.0
198 Acute Rhinosinusitis 88.0
199 Acute viral rhinosinusitis 88.0
200 Hyperparathyroidism 88.0
201 Glomerulonephritis 87.0
202 Ischemic optic neuropathy 87.0
203 posteriorischemic optic neuropathy 87.0
204 Chronic pelvic pain in women 87.0
205 Amebiasis 87.0
206 Abnormal uterine bleeding 86.0
207 Irritable Bowel Syndrome 85.0
208 Ankylosing spondylitis 85.0
209 Gastroenteritis 85.0
210 Kawasaki disease 85.0
211 Familial adenomatous polyposis syndrome 85.0
212 Viral pharyngitis 84.0
213 Bell palsy 84.0
214 Dyspepsia 84.0
215 Hereditary Angioedema 83.0
216 Mesenteric ischemia 83.0
217 Kidney stones 83.0
218 STI HIV Pharyngitis 82.0
219 Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis 82.0
220 Gout 82.0
221 Rheumatoid Arthritis 82.0
222 Gestational diabetes mellitus 81.0
223 Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 80.0
224 Chronic Myeloid Leukemia 79.0
225 Graves ophthalmopathy 79.0
226 Gastric cancer 79.0
227 Hypertriglyceridemia 79.0
228 Multiple Sclerosis 78.0
229 Analgesic nephropathy 78.0
230 Pheochromocytoma 77.0
231 Hyperaldosteronism 76.0
232 Kartagener syndrome 76.0
233 Primary ciliary dyskinesia 76.0
234 Travelers diarrhea 76.0
235 Cataract 75.0
236 Viral Gastroenteritis 74.0
237 Panic disorder in adults 74.0
238 Gastric Volvulus 74.0
239 Chronic fatigue syndrome 73.0
240 Chlamydia pneumoniae infection 73.0
241 Type 1 Diabetes mellitus 73.0
242 Intraperitoneal bleeding 73.0
243 Penis Carcinoma 72.0
244 Ascites 72.0
245 Salmonella infection 72.0
246 Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2A 70.0
247 Renal vein thrombosis 70.0
248 Acute Renal vein thrombosis 70.0
249 Acute bacterial meningitis in neonates 70.0
250 Diabetic Kidney Disease 70.0
251 Intestinal Obstruction 70.0
252 Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease 70.0
253 Central hypothyroidism 69.0
254 Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 69.0
255 Diabetic Neuropathy 69.0
256 Breast Cancer 69.0
257 Central diabetes insipidus 68.0
258 biliary obstruction 68.0
259 Lactose intolerance 66.0
260 Duodenal Ulcer 66.0
261 Gastric Ulcer 66.0
262 Mitral Stenosis 65.0
263 Osteoporosis 65.0
264 Varicocele 65.0
265 Torsion of appendix of testis 65.0
266 Meckel diverticulum 64.0
267 Hypogammaglobulinemia 64.0
268 Insect bites and stings 63.0
269 Toxic thyroid adenoma 63.0
270 Aortic stenosis 63.0
271 Adrenal Suppression 62.0
272 Giardiasis 62.0
273 Food poisoning 62.0
274 Common cold(adults) 61.0
275 Nasal polyps 61.0
276 Chronic pyelonephritis 61.0
277 Balanitis 61.0
278 Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome 61.0
279 Pancreatic Pseudocyst 61.0
280 Musculoskeletal sprains and strains 61.0
281 Hyperglycemia 60.0
282 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia 60.0
283 End Stage Renal Disease 60.0
284 Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease 60.0
285 Periorbital and orbital cellulitis 59.0
286 Goiter 59.0
287 Diffuse nontoxic goiter 59.0
288 Toxic multinodular goiter 59.0
289 Obstructive cervical goiters 59.0
290 Cervical goiter 59.0
291 Painless thyroiditis 58.0
292 Sunburn 57.0
293 Gastric Outlet Obstruction 57.0
294 Insomnia in adults 57.0
295 Epiploic appendagitis 57.0
296 Empyema 57.0
297 Immune thrombocytopenia 55.0
298 Foodborne E coli infection 55.0
299 Chronic atrial fibrillation 55.0
300 Erectile dysfunction 55.0
301 Milk-alkali syndrome 54.0
302 Cholera 54.0
303 Acute Milk-alkali syndrome 54.0
304 Chronic Milk-alkali syndrome 54.0
305 cholestatic liver disease 54.0
306 Anterior scleritis 53.0
307 Alzheimer disease 53.0
308 Hypoparathyroidism 53.0
309 Ruptured Tuboovarian abscess 52.0
310 Migraine 52.0
311 Guillain-Barre syndrome 52.0
312 Intestinal Entamoeba histolytica amebiasis 52.0
313 Aortic coarctation 51.0
314 Diverticulitis 51.0
315 Open Angle Glaucoma 50.0
316 Acute Clonorchiasis 50.0
317 Cellulitis 50.0
318 Stevens-Johnson syndrome 50.0
319 Herpes zoster 49.0
320 Abetalipoproteinemia 49.0
321 Rumination Syndrome 49.0
322 Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction 49.0
323 Common cold(children) 48.0
324 Phenylketonuria 48.0
325 Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 48.0
326 Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease 48.0
327 Parkinson disease 47.0
328 Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome 47.0
329 Systemic vasculitis 46.0
330 Diabetes Mellitus 46.0
331 Achalasia 46.0
332 Sigmoid volvulus 45.0
333 Limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis 44.0
334 Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction 44.0
335 Posterior scleritis 43.0
336 Scleritis 43.0
337 Endometriosis 43.0
338 Annular pancreas 43.0
339 Prinzmetal angina 42.0
340 Menopause 42.0
341 Ovarian Torsion 41.0
342 Carpal Tunnel Syndrome 41.0
343 Acute Mitral regurgitation 41.0
344 Endometrial cancer 41.0
345 Von willebrand disease 41.0
346 Paraphimosis 40.0
347 Varicose veins 40.0
348 Achilles tendinopathy 40.0
349 Achilles tendon rupture 40.0
350 chronic cholestatic liver disease 39.0
351 Papilledema 38.0
352 Atopic dermatitis 37.0
353 Optic neuritis 37.0
354 Neuropapillitis 37.0
355 Leiomyomas 37.0
356 Anaplastic thyroid cancer 36.0
357 Osteomalacia 36.0
358 Diabetic Amyotrophy 36.0
359 Drowning 35.0
360 Clostridium difficile infection 34.0
361 Paraneoplastic Syndromes 33.0
362 Acute cervical spine trauma 33.0
363 Splenic abscess 33.0
364 Endometritis 31.0
365 Atypical pneumonia 31.0
366 Intestinal malrotation 31.0
367 iritis 30.0
368 Genital herpes 30.0
369 Chronic meningitis 30.0
370 Pelvic inflammatory disease 30.0
371 Psychogenic polydipsia 29.0
372 Inguinal hernia 29.0
373 Stable angina 28.0
374 Gallbladder Empyema 28.0
375 Acute Bronchitis 27.0
376 Peroneal Neuropathy 27.0
377 Prolactinoma 26.0
378 Peptic Ulcer 26.0
379 Peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis 26.0
380 Psoas Abscess 26.0
381 Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage 25.0
382 Lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage 25.0
383 Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage 25.0
384 Hemorrhoids 24.0
385 Osteomyelitis 24.0
386 Intestinal Pseudo Obstruction 24.0
387 Acute atrial fibrillation 23.0
388 Portal hypertension 23.0
389 Anterior uveitis 23.0
390 Preseptal cellulitis 23.0
391 Pseudohypoparathyroidism 22.0
392 Secondary hyperparathyroidism 22.0
393 Secondary Peritonitis 22.0
394 Temporomandibular joint syndrome 21.0
395 Dacryocystitis 20.0
396 Simple kidney cyst 20.0
397 Deep venous thrombosis 20.0
398 Urinary Tract Obstruction 19.0
399 Dry eye 19.0
400 Blepharitis 19.0
401 Ichthyosis 18.0
402 Mallory-Weiss syndrome 18.0
403 Trachoma 18.0
404 Uveitis 18.0
405 Intermediate uveitis 18.0
406 Posterior uveitis 18.0
407 Pan uveitis 18.0
408 Bed bugs 17.0
409 Substernal goiter 17.0
410 Animal bites 16.0
411 Testicular cancer 16.0
412 Rosacea 16.0
413 Intra-abdominal abscess 16.0
414 Abdominal compartment syndrome 15.0
415 Ectopic Pregnancy 15.0
416 Gastroparesis 15.0
417 Morton neuroma 15.0
418 Keloid 14.0
419 Multiple endocrine neoplasia 2B 13.0
420 Anemia of chronic disease 13.0
421 Male factor infertility 11.0
422 Thyroid lymphoma 11.0
423 Umbilical hernia 11.0
424 Malt lymphoma 10.0
425 Oropharyngeal cancer 8.0
426 Premature labor 7.0
427 Bullous pemphigoid 4.0
428 ST-elevation myocardial infarction 4.0
429 Labyrinthitis 0.0
430 Meniere disease 0.0
431 Tetanus 0.0
432 Bruxism 0.0
433 Myasthenia Gravis 0.0
434 Neonatal Myasthenia Gravis 0.0
435 Congenital Myasthenic Syndromes 0.0
436 Musculoskeletal lower back pain 0.0
437 Discogenic low back pain 0.0
438 Essential Tremor 0.0
439 Gingivitis 0.0
440 Renal Artery Stenosis 0.0