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Gallstones

 Syn. Cholelithiasis , Gallstone , cholelith

Signs & Symptoms

 Gilbert syndrome
Ref: Uptodate [ Gilbert syndrome and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia due to bilirubin overproduction]
chest pain (negative symptom)
Ref: Uptodate [ Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults]
Vomiting
Note: with biliary colic
Ref: Uptodate [ Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults] Harrison [ 2426]
Nausea
Note: with biliary colic
Ref: Uptodate [ Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults] Harrison [ 2426]

Physical Examination

 Fever
Ref: Uptodate [ Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults]
Jaundice
Ref: Uptodate [ Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults]
Voluntary guarding
Ref: Uptodate [ Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults]

Lab / Serology

 Leukocytosis
Ref: Uptodate [ Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults]
Abnormal liver tests
Ref: Uptodate [ Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults]
Abnormal pancreas tests
Ref: Uptodate [ Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults]

Imagin Study

 Ultrasound demonstrate gallstones
Ref: Uptodate [ Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults]

Complication

 Complication cholecystitis
Ref: Uptodate [ Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults] Cecil [ 470]
Complication cholangitis
Note: due to obstruction of common duct, due to obstruction of CBD
Ref: Uptodate [ Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults] Cecil [ 471]
Complication pancreatitis
Note: due to pancreatic duct obstruction
Ref: Uptodate [ Uncomplicated gallstone disease in adults] Cecil [ 471]

Risk Factors

 Nonalcoholic liver disease
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/87332/Cholelithiasis/Risk-Factors]
Pregnant
Ref: Unknown [ 0]
Prolonged fasting
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/87332/Cholelithiasis/Risk-Factors]

Cause

 Caused by malabsorption of bile acids
Note: due to depletion of the bile salt pool and the secretion of lithogenic bile
Ref: Harrison [ 2269]

Other