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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

 Syn. COPD

Signs & Symptoms

Physical Examination

Lab / Serology

Imagin Study

Complication

Risk Factors

 Elder
Ref: Epocrates [ https://www.epocrates.com/online/diseases/7/copd#risk-factors]
Female
Ref: Uptodate [ Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Risk factors and risk reduction]
White race
Ref: Epocrates [ https://www.epocrates.com/online/diseases/7/copd#risk-factors]

Cause

Other