Note: not all patients with hepatorenal syndrome have oliguria (especially early in its course)

Ref: Uptodate [ Hepatorenal syndrome]

Ref: Uptodate [ Hepatorenal syndrome] Harrison [ 2413]

Ref: Cecil [ 357] Cecil [ 463]

Note: indicated by proteinuria of more than 500 mg/day, microhematuria (>50 red blood cells per high-power field), or abnormal renal ultrasonographic findings

Ref: Cecil [ 357] Cecil [ 463]

Ref: Uptodate [ Hepatorenal syndrome]

Ref: Cecil [ 357] Cecil [ 463]

Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/40236/Hepatorenal-syndrome/Diagnostic-Criteria]

Note: higher than 1.5 mg/dL (133 μmol/L)

Ref: Uptodate [ Alcoholic hepatitis: Clinical manifestations and diagnosis] Uptodate [ Hepatorenal syndrome] Cecil [ 357] Cecil [ 463]

Note: Lack of improvement in the serum creatinine level (to ≤1.5 mg/dL or ≤133 μmol/L) after at least 2 days of diuretic withdrawal and volume expansion with albumin (1 g/kg of body weight per day, up to a maximum of 100 g/day)

Ref: Cecil [ 357] Cecil [ 463]

Ref: Uptodate [ Hepatorenal syndrome]

Ref: Unknown [ 0]

Ref: Unknown [ 0]

Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/40232/Hepatorenal-syndrome/Risk-Factors]