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Drowning

 Syn. submersion

Signs & Symptoms

 Lack of awareness of water hazard risk
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/65732/Drowning/Risk-Factors]
Diving
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/65732/Drowning/Risk-Factors]
Swimming alone
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/65732/Drowning/Risk-Factors]
Substance abuse
Note: impair judgment, impair orientation, impair reflexes, impair motor activity
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/65732/Drowning/Risk-Factors]

Physical Examination

 Signs of trauma
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/65733/Drowning/History-Exam]
Wheezing
Ref: Uptodate [ Drowning (submersion injuries)]
Evidence of immersion
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/65733/Drowning/History-Exam]

Lab / Serology

 Electrolyte abnormalities
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/65734/Drowning/Diagnostic-Tests]
Metabolic acidosis
Ref: Uptodate [ Drowning (submersion injuries)]
Metabolic abnormalities
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/65734/Drowning/Diagnostic-Tests]

Imagin Study

 Pulmonary infiltrate
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/65734/Drowning/Diagnostic-Tests]
Respiratory injury
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/65734/Drowning/Diagnostic-Tests]
Diffuse pulmonary edema
Ref: Uptodate [ Drowning (submersion injuries)]

Complication

 Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Note: due to salt water
Ref: Uptodate [ Drowning (submersion injuries)]
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
Note: due to salt water
Ref: Uptodate [ Drowning (submersion injuries)]
Respiratory impairment
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/65733/Drowning/History-Exam]

Risk Factors

 1 < age < 5
Ref: Uptodate [ Drowning (submersion injuries)]
Male
Ref: Uptodate [ Drowning (submersion injuries)]
Alcohol
Ref: Uptodate [ Drowning (submersion injuries)]

Cause

 Hypoglycemia
Note: cause loss of consciousness, cause seizure
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/65734/Drowning/Diagnostic-Tests]
Cardiac events in the water
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/65732/Drowning/Risk-Factors]

Other