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Amphetamine Use Disorder

Signs & Symptoms

 Polysubstance misuse
Note: Such as alcohol, gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), cocaine, ketamine, and marijuana
Ref: Epocrates [ Risk Factors]
History of previous stimulant misuse
Ref: Epocrates [ Risk Factors]
Violent lifestyle
Ref: Epocrates [ Risk Factors]
Criminal lifestyle
Ref: Epocrates [ Risk Factors]

Physical Examination

 Pleuritic chest pain
Note: Important to rule out heart disease including pulmonary artery hypertension and valvular abnormalities, Due to Acute smoking, Due to acute snorting
Ref: Epocrates [ History & Exam]
Tachycardia
Note: Reported with acute use
Ref: Cecil [ 3301] Epocrates [ History & Exam]
Dilated pupils
Note: Due to Increased sympathetic nervous system activity
Ref: Cecil [ 3301] Epocrates [ History & Exam]

Lab / Serology

 Positive urine toxicology for amphetamines
Ref: Epocrates [ Criteria]
Hyponatremia
Note: Most commonly occurs after acute use of MDMA
Ref: Epocrates [ History & Exam]
Marked elevation of metanephrines (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ Differential Diagnosis]

Imagin Study

 Drug packets on abdominal x-ray
Ref: Epocrates [ Criteria]
Supraventricular tachycardia
Ref: Epocrates [ Criteria]
ST changes
Note: due to Myocardial infarction
Ref: Epocrates [ Criteria]

Complication

 Cardiovascular disease
Ref: Uptodate [ Methamphetamine use disorder: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, and diagnosis]
Early mortality
Ref: Uptodate [ Methamphetamine use disorder: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, and diagnosis]
Malignant hypertension
Ref: Uptodate [ Methamphetamine use disorder: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, course, assessment, and diagnosis]

Risk Factors

Cause

Other