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Panic Disorder In Adults

Signs & Symptoms

 Caffeine overuse
Ref: Uptodate [ Diagnosis] Epocrates [ Etiology/risk factors/epidemiology]
History of panic disorder in first-degree relatives
Ref: Uptodate [ Pathogenesis] Epocrates [ Key highlights/etiology/risk factors]
Nicotine dependence
Ref: Epocrates [ Etiology/risk factors/epidemiology]
Nicotine use
Ref: Epocrates [ Etiology/risk factors/epidemiology]

Physical Examination

 Positive PRIME-MD panic screen
Note: The PRIME-MD panic screen contains 4 "yes" or "no" questions to assess the presence of panic attacks within the last 4 weeks
Ref: Epocrates [ Key factors]
arrhythmia (negative symptom) #criteria
Note: Criteria C of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
Ref: Uptodate [ Diagnosis] Epocrates [ Classification/ddx]
Tachycardia #criteria
Note: due to Exposure to phobic cue, due to anticipated exposure to phobic cue
Ref: Uptodate [ Diagnosis] Epocrates [ Key factors/vignette/key factors]

Lab / Serology

 Elevated thyroxine (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ Tests]
Low blood glucose (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ Tests]
Low thyroid stimulating hormone (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ Tests]

Imagin Study

 Abnormal ECG (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ Tests]
arrhythmia (negative symptom) #criteria
Note: Criteria C of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
Ref: Uptodate [ Diagnosis] Epocrates [ Classification/ddx]
Tachycardia #criteria
Note: due to Exposure to phobic cue, due to anticipated exposure to phobic cue
Ref: Uptodate [ Diagnosis] Epocrates [ Key factors/vignette/key factors]

Complication

 Higher likelihood of suicide attempts
Ref: Uptodate [ Course]
Agoraphobia
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestation]
Non fearful panic attack
Note: Panic attacks but not otherwise fear or anxiety
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestation]

Risk Factors

 18 < age < 40
Ref: Epocrates [ Panic disorder: epidemiology/risk factors]
Female
Ref: Epocrates [ Panic disorder: epidemiology/risk factors]
White race
Ref: Epocrates [ Panic disorder: epidemiology/risk factors]

Cause

 withdrawal of illicit drug (negative symptom) #criteria
Note: Criteria C of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
Ref: Uptodate [ Diagnosis] Epocrates [ Classification/ddx]
Physiological effects of a substance (negative symptom) #criteria
Note: Criteria C of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
Ref: Uptodate [ Diagnosis] Epocrates [ Classification/ddx]
physiological effects of illicit drug (negative symptom) #criteria
Note: Criteria C of DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
Ref: Uptodate [ Diagnosis] Epocrates [ Classification/ddx]

Other