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Animal Bites

Signs & Symptoms

 Puncture wound
Note: Risk factors for infection of animal bite
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology]
Delayed presentation
Note: Risk factors for infection of animal bite, >= 12 hours after a bite on exterimities and >= 24 hour after a bite on face
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology]
Bite near vascular graft
Note: Risk factors for infection of animal bite
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology]
Crush injury
Note: Risk factors for infection of animal bite
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology]

Physical Examination

 Delayed presentation
Note: Risk factors for infection of animal bite, >= 12 hours after a bite on exterimities and >= 24 hour after a bite on face
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology]
Persistent signs of infection despite initial wound care
Note: due to Deep infection
Ref: Uptodate [ Complications]
Persistent signs of infection despite antibiotic administration
Note: due to Deep infection
Ref: Uptodate [ Complications]

Lab / Serology

 Polymicrobial growth on wound
Ref: Uptodate [ Laboratory testing] Epocrates [ Tests]
Growth of pathogenic organisms on wound
Ref: Uptodate [ Laboratory testing] Epocrates [ Tests]
Elevated white blood cells
Note: due to Sistemic infection
Ref: Uptodate [ Laboratory testing] Epocrates [ Tests]

Imagin Study

 Vascular injury
Note: If there is penetrating injuries to the neck,chest or thoracic outlet vascular injury must be evaluated
Ref: Epocrates [ Tests]
Retained teeth
Note: If injuries are located near a joint or bone,head and face of children radiographs are necessary.
Ref: Uptodate [ Laboratory testing] Epocrates [ Tests]
Foreign bodies
Note: If injuries are located near a joint or bone,head and face of children radiographs are necessary.
Ref: Uptodate [ Laboratory testing] Epocrates [ Tests]

Complication

 Fever
Note: due to Deep infectionm, due to systemic illness
Ref: Uptodate [ Complications] Epocrates [ Vignette]
Chills
Note: due to Deep infectionm, due to systemic illness
Ref: Uptodate [ Complications] Epocrates [ Vignette]
Warmth on wounds
Note: due to Superficial infection
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical evaluation] Epocrates [ Vignette]

Risk Factors

Cause

 Dog bites
Note: Most dog bites occur on exterimities
Ref: Uptodate [ Animal bites( dogs,cats,and other animals): evaluation and management: epidemiology] Epocrates [ Animal bites: key highlights/epidemiology]
Pathogens of the environment
Note: Cause of infected animal bite(animal bite infection)
Ref: Epocrates [ Pathophysiology]
Streptococci
Note: Cause of infected animal bite(animal bite infection)
Ref: Uptodate [ Microbiology] Epocrates [ Pathophysiology]

Other