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Musculoskeletal Lower Back Pain

 Syn. Nonspecific lower back pain

Signs & Symptoms

 Pain extending distal to the knee (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ Vignette/key factors]
Recurrence of low back pain (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ Epidemiology]
Psychatric comorbidities
Ref: Uptodate [ Evaluation of low back pain in adults] Epocrates [ Key factors]
Depression
Ref: Uptodate [ Evaluation of low back pain in adults] Epocrates [ Key factors]

Physical Examination

 Vertebral tenderness (negative symptom)
Note: Red-flag factors
Ref: Uptodate [ Evaluation of low back pain in adults]
Positive FABER test (negative symptom)
Note: Flexion, abduction, and external rotation
Ref: Epocrates [ Tests]
Positive Gaenslen test (negative symptom)
Note: Maximal hip flexion plus contralateral hip extension
Ref: Epocrates [ Tests]

Lab / Serology

 Abnormal CBC (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ Tests]
Positive urine culture (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ Tests]
Elevated C-reactive protein (negative symptom)
Ref: Uptodate [ Evaluation of low back pain in adults] Epocrates [ Tests]

Imagin Study

 Spondylolisthesis (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ Tests]
Disk herniation
Ref: Epocrates [ Tests]
Lumbar spine Fracture (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ Tests]

Complication

 Disability
Ref: Epocrates [ Epidemiology]

Risk Factors

 Overweight
Ref: Epocrates [ Key factors]
Smoking
Ref: Uptodate [ Evaluation of low back pain in adults]
Female
Ref: Uptodate [ Evaluation of low back pain in adults]

Cause

Other