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Menopause

 Syn. Permanent cessation of menstrual periods

Signs & Symptoms

 Vaginal dryness Gr. Female
Note: due to Estrogen deficiency
Ref: Uptodate [ Genitourinary syndrome of menopause(vulvovaginal atrophy):clinical manifestations and diagnosis] Harrison [ 2803] Epocrates [ Menopause: pathophysiology]
Headaches Worsen during menopausal transition
Ref: Uptodate [ Genitourinary syndrome of menopause(vulvovaginal atrophy):clinical manifestations and diagnosis]
Irregular menstrual cycles Gr. Female
Note: This symptom begins a few years before menopause, due to Fluctuations of sex hormones
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of menopause] Harrison [ 2803] Epocrates [ Menopause: key factors]
Menstrual migraines Worsen during menopausal transition
Ref: Uptodate [ Genitourinary syndrome of menopause(vulvovaginal atrophy):clinical manifestations and diagnosis]

Physical Examination

 Vulvovaginal mucosa pallor Gr. Female
Ref: Uptodate [ Genitourinary syndrome of menopause(vulvovaginal atrophy):clinical manifestations and diagnosis] Epocrates [ Menopause: key terms]
Vaginal epithelium thinning Gr. Female
Ref: Uptodate [ Genitourinary syndrome of menopause(vulvovaginal atrophy):clinical manifestations and diagnosis] Epocrates [ Menopause: pathophysiology]
Vulvovaginal mucosal erythema Gr. Female
Ref: Uptodate [ Genitourinary syndrome of menopause(vulvovaginal atrophy):clinical manifestations and diagnosis] Epocrates [ Menopause: pathophysiology]

Lab / Serology

 High Follicular Stimulating Hormone Gr. Female
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of menopause] Harrison [ 2803] Epocrates [ Menopause:pathophysiology]
Low estradiol Gr. Female
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of menopause] Harrison [ 2803] Epocrates [ Menopause: key factors]
Decreased high-density lipoprotein Gr. Female
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of menopause] Epocrates [ Menopause: pathophysiology]

Imagin Study

Complication

 Cardiovascular disease Gr. Female
Note: due to Long-term effect of estrogen deficiency ,due to Impaired lipid profile , due to insulin resistancy
Ref: Uptodate [ Genitourinary syndrome of menopause(vulvovaginal atrophy):clinical manifestations and diagnosis] Harrison [ 2803] Epocrates [ Menopause: pathophysiology]
Dementia Gr. Female
Ref: Uptodate [ clinical manifestations and diagnosis of menopause]
Osteoarthritis Gr. Female
Note: due to Long-term effect of estrogen deficiency
Ref: Uptodate [ clinical manifestations and diagnosis of menopause]

Risk Factors

Cause

 High Follicular Stimulating Hormone Gr. Female
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of menopause] Harrison [ 2803] Epocrates [ Menopause:pathophysiology]
Low estradiol Gr. Female
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of menopause] Harrison [ 2803] Epocrates [ Menopause: key factors]

Other