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Malaria

 Syn. Plasmodiosis , Malaria infection

Signs & Symptoms

 retrobulbar pain worsens with eye movements (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/16134/Malaria-infection/Diagnostic-Tests]
Arthralgias
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of malaria in nonpregnant adults and children] Harrison [ 1578] Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/16133/Malaria-infection/History-Exam]
Preceding of dysentery (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/16134/Malaria-infection/Diagnostic-Tests]
Diarrhea
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of malaria in nonpregnant adults and children] Harrison [ 1578] Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/16133/Malaria-infection/History-Exam]

Physical Examination

 retrobulbar pain worsens with eye movements (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/16134/Malaria-infection/Diagnostic-Tests]
Palpable spleen
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of malaria in nonpregnant adults and children] Harrison [ 1578]
Positive parasitological test
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of malaria in nonpregnant adults and children]

Lab / Serology

 Heterophile antibodies positive (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/16134/Malaria-infection/Diagnostic-Tests]
Peripheral lymphocytosis (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/16134/Malaria-infection/Diagnostic-Tests]
Severe elevated Bilirubin
Note: Severe malaria, Bilirubin >3 mg/dL, due to Hemolysis, due to hepatocyte injury, due to cholestasis
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of malaria in nonpregnant adults and children] Harrison [ 1580]

Imagin Study

 Low Oxygen saturation
Note: Severe malaria, due to Pulmonary edema
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of malaria in nonpregnant adults and children]
right pleural effusion (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/16134/Malaria-infection/Diagnostic-Tests]
Lactic acidosis
Note: severe, due to hypovolemia, due to hypotension, cause impaired level of consciousness
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/16134/Malaria-infection/Diagnostic-Tests]

Complication

 Coma
Note: Severe malaria
Ref: Harrison [ 1578]
Unarousable coma
Note: Severe malaria
Ref: Harrison [ 1578]
Blackwater fever
Note: Severe malaria
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of malaria in nonpregnant adults and children] Harrison [ 1580]

Risk Factors

 Pregnant
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/16132/Malaria-infection/Risk-Factors]
Age < 5 - infantile
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/16132/Malaria-infection/Risk-Factors]

Cause

 Infected Anopheles mosquito bite
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of malaria in nonpregnant adults and children]
Bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito
Note: 7 to 35 days before the beginning of he symptoms
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of malaria in nonpregnant adults and children]
Epstein Barr virus (negative symptom)
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/16134/Malaria-infection/Diagnostic-Tests]

Other