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Ankylosing Spondylitis

 Syn. Ankylosing Spondylarthritides , Ankylosing Spondylarthritis

Signs & Symptoms

 Medial thigh pain
Note: due to hip pain
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults]
Groin pain
Note: due to hip pain
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults]
Knee pain
Note: due to hip pain
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults]
Positive family history of AS
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/36632/Ankylosing-spondylitis/Risk-Factors]

Physical Examination

 Subclinical bowel inflammation
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/36633/Ankylosing-spondylitis/History-Exam]
Tenderness at calcaneal attachment of the plantar fascia
Note: due to Enthesitis
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults]
Swelling at the Achilles tendon attachment
Note: due to Enthesitis
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults]

Lab / Serology

 HLA-B27-positive #Criteria
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults] Epocrates [ Https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/36633/Ankylosing-spondylitis/History-Exam]
Express HLA-B27 antigen
Ref: Harrison [ 2269]
Ileal mucosal ulcerations
Note: due to Inflammatory bowel disease
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults] Harrison [ 2565]

Imagin Study

 Axial involvement of the hips
Ref: Cecil [ 777]
Axial involvement of the shoulders
Ref: Cecil [ 777]
Peripheral oligoarthritis
Note: More common in females
Ref: Cecil [ 777]

Complication

 Paraparesis
Note: due to Spinal cord injury
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults]
Tetraparesis
Note: due to Spinal cord injury
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults]
Postpartum flare Gr. Female
Note: Particularly in the peripheral joints
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults]

Risk Factors

 Age lower than 40
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations of axial spondyloarthritis (ankylosing spondylitis and nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis) in adults]
Male
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/36632/Ankylosing-spondylitis/Risk-Factors]

Cause

Other