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Hyperprolactinemia

Signs & Symptoms

 Menstrual irregularities
Ref: Cecil [ 626]
Vaginal dryness
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia]
Impaired vision Gr. premenopausal
Note: due to Optic nerve compression,In postmenopausal women and men
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia] Harrison [ 2675]
Galactorrhea Gr. premenopausal
Note: In premenopausal women/rarely in postmenopausal women and men
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia] Harrison [ 2675] Cecil [ 625,626]

Physical Examination

 Decreased muscle mass Gr. Male
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia] Harrison [ 2675]

Lab / Serology

 Elevated Serum prolactin concentration
Note: Serum prolactin concentration>20 ng/mL [20 mcg/L]
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia] Harrison [ 2676]
Hot flashes
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia]
Low serum gonadotropin concentrations
Note: Normal or low
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia] Harrison [ 2675]

Imagin Study

 Mass lesion in the hypothalamic-pituitary region
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia] Harrison [ 2675]
Low forearm bone mineral density
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia] Harrison [ 2675] Cecil [ 625]
Low spine bone mineral density
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia] Harrison [ 2675] Cecil [ 625]

Complication

 Low forearm bone mineral density
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia] Harrison [ 2675] Cecil [ 625]
Low spine bone mineral density
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia] Harrison [ 2675] Cecil [ 625]
Osteopenia
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations and evaluation of hyperprolactinemia] Harrison [ 2675] Cecil [ 625]

Risk Factors

Cause

 Pregnancy
Ref: Uptodate [ Causes of hyperprolactinemia] Harrison [ 2675] Cecil [ 625]
Empty sella
Note: due to Hypothalamic–pituitary stalk damage, due to Hypothalamic pituitary stalk damage
Ref: Harrison [ 2675]
Irradiation
Note: due to Hypothalamic–pituitary stalk damage, due to Hypothalamic pituitary stalk damage
Ref: Harrison [ 2675]

Other