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Medullary Thyroid Cancer

 Syn. Parafollicular cell carcinoma , MTC

Signs & Symptoms

 Detectable cervical lymph node
Note: due to Metastasis
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging] Harrison [ 2752] Cecil [ 640]
Diarrhea
Note: due to Tumor secretion of calcitonin, due to Tumor secretion of calcitonin gene-related peptide
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging] Harrison [ 2752]
Facial flushing
Note: due to Tumor secretion of calcitonin, due to Tumor secretion of calcitonin gene-related peptide
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging] Harrison [ 2752]
Family history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 syndrome
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging] Harrison [ 2752] Cecil [ 640]

Physical Examination

 Detectable cervical lymph node
Note: due to Metastasis
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging] Harrison [ 2752] Cecil [ 640]
Palpable mass in neck
Ref: Harrison [ 2752]

Lab / Serology

 FNA biopsy reveal medullary thyroid carcinoma
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging] Harrison [ 2752]
Positive carcinoembryonic antigen
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging]
RET proto-oncogene mutations
Note: Correlate with lymph node metastases, persistent disease, and lower survival
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging] Harrison [ 2715,2752] Cecil [ 640]

Imagin Study

 Solitary thyroid nodule
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging] Cecil [ 640]
Bilateral #Inherited_MTC
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging]
Sporadic
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging] Cecil [ 640]

Complication

 Metastasis
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging]
Distant metastasis in the bones
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging] Harrison [ 2752] Cecil [ 640]
Upper aerodigestive tract invasion
Note: cause dysphagia, cause dysphagia
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging] Harrison [ 2752]

Risk Factors

 Age between 30 and 50
Ref: Uptodate [ Medullary thyroid cancer: Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and staging]

Cause

Other