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Papilledema

Signs & Symptoms

 Family history of Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (negative symptom)
Ref: Uptodate [ Overview and differential diagnosis of papilledema]
Headache
Ref: Uptodate [ Overview and differential diagnosis of papilledema] Vaughan [ 650] BCSC [ 91]
Doxycycline #Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension
Ref: Vaughan [ 647] BCSC [ 95]
Lithium therapy #Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension
Ref: Vaughan [ 647] BCSC [ 95]

Physical Examination

 Binocular horizontal diplopia
Note: due to Unilateral lateral rectus paresis, due to bilateral lateral rectus paresis, due to lateral rectus paresis
Ref: Uptodate [ Overview and differential diagnosis of papilledema] BCSC [ 95]
Yellowish mass in retina (negative symptom)
Ref: Uptodate [ Overview and differential diagnosis of papilledema]
Raised intracranial pressure
Ref: Uptodate [ Overview and differential diagnosis of papilledema] Vaughan [ 647] BCSC [ 91]

Lab / Serology

 Hormonal abnormalities #Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension
Note: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Ref: BCSC [ 95]
Hormonal changes during pregnancy Gr. pregnant #Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension
Note: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Ref: BCSC [ 95]
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating neuropathy
Note: due to Elevated CSF protein, due to resorption of CSF, due to circulation of CSF
Ref: Uptodate [ Overview and differential diagnosis of papilledema]

Imagin Study

 Calcium deposits on optic disc (negative symptom)
Ref: Uptodate [ Overview and differential diagnosis of papilledema]
Sixth cranial nerve palsy #Pseudotumor_cerebri
Note: Pseudotumor cerebri
Ref: Vaughan [ 647]
Partially empty sella #Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension
Note: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Ref: BCSC [ 95]

Complication

 Venous obstruction
Ref: Uptodate [ Overview and differential diagnosis of papilledema]
Vascular telangiectasias
Ref: Uptodate [ Overview and differential diagnosis of papilledema] BCSC [ 91]
Visual field defect
Note: In chronic untreated forms
Ref: Uptodate [ Overview and differential diagnosis of papilledema] Vaughan [ 647,650] BCSC [ 95]

Risk Factors

 Female
Ref: Vaughan [ 650]
Obesity
Ref: Vaughan [ 650]
Young
Ref: Vaughan [ 650]

Cause

 Lithium therapy #Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension
Ref: Vaughan [ 647] BCSC [ 95]
Vitamin A #Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension
Note: Tetracycline or vitamin A (retinoid)(>100,000 IU/day )
Ref: Vaughan [ 647] BCSC [ 95]
Minocycline #Idiopathic_intracranial_hypertension
Ref: Vaughan [ 647] BCSC [ 95]

Other