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Chronic Milk-Alkali Syndrome

 Syn. Burnett syndrome , Burnetts syndrome

Signs & Symptoms

 Use of calcium carbonate
Note: for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome] Harrison [ 2933] Cecil [ 743]
Use of milk cream sodium bicarbonate
Note: for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome] Harrison [ 2933] Cecil [ 743]
Ingestion of large amounts of calcium
Note: Very high calcium intakes (>100 mmol/d [>4 g/d])
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome] Harrison [ 2933] Cecil [ 733]
Weakness
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome]

Physical Examination

 Irreversible renal damage
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome] Harrison [ 2933]
Mental changes
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome]

Lab / Serology

 Hypercalcemia
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome] Harrison [ 2912,2933] Cecil [ 742,743]
Reduced parathyroid hormone level
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome] Harrison [ 313]
Hypomagnesemia
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome]

Imagin Study

Complication

 Chronic kidney disease
Note: Including patients on dialysis
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome] Cecil [ 743]
Decreasing the glomerular filtration rate
Note: due to Vasoconstriction secondary to hypercalcemia
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome]

Risk Factors

 Female
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome]
After pregnancy
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome]
Elder
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome]

Cause

 Betel nut chewing
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome]
Ingestion of large amounts of calcium
Note: Very high calcium intakes (>100 mmol/d [>4 g/d])
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome] Harrison [ 2933] Cecil [ 733]
Use of milk cream sodium bicarbonate
Note: for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease
Ref: Uptodate [ The milk-alkali syndrome] Harrison [ 2933] Cecil [ 743]

Other