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Signs & Symptoms
Unilateral thyroid abnormalities (negative symptom)
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical presentation and evaluation of goiter in adults]
Family history of malignant thyroid disease
(negative symptom)
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical presentation and evaluation of goiter in adults]
Family history of goiter
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical presentation and evaluation of goiter in adults]
History of radioiodine exposure
(negative symptom)
Note: History of radioiodine exposure from nuclear power plant accidents (Chernobyl, Fukushima)
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical presentation and evaluation of goiter in adults]
Physical Examination
Thyroid bruit
Note: due to Hyperthyroidism, due to Graves disease
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical presentation and evaluation of goiter in adults]
Cecil
[ 639]
Focal firm consistency
(negative symptom)
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical presentation and evaluation of goiter in adults]
Palpation of discrete nodules
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical presentation and evaluation of goiter in adults]
Lab / Serology
Elevated TPO antibodies
Note: due to Autoimmune thyroiditis
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical presentation and evaluation of goiter in adults]
Harrison
[ 2711]
Cecil
[ 639]
Iodine deficiency
Note: The most common cause of nontoxic goiter
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical presentation and evaluation of goiter in adults]
Harrison
[ 2710]
Cecil
[ 639]
Low urinary iodine levels
Note: <50 μg/L, In patients with iodine deficiency
Ref:
Harrison
[ 2711]
