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Chronic Heart Failure

 Syn. CHF

Signs & Symptoms

 Dyspnea on exertion
Ref: Harrison [ 1764] Cecil [ 59]
Fatigue
Ref: Harrison [ 1764] Cecil [ 59]
Shortness of breath
Ref: Harrison [ 1764]
Dyspnea occurring in the recumbent position
Note: Relieved by sitting upright or sleeping with additional pillows
Ref: Harrison [ 1764] Cecil [ 59]

Physical Examination

 Symmetric peripheral edema
Ref: Harrison [ 1765] Cecil [ 59]
Peripheral edema
Ref: Harrison [ 1765] Cecil [ 59]
Third heart sound
Note: Audible and palpable at the apex
Ref: Harrison [ 1765] Cecil [ 59]

Lab / Serology

 Anemia
Ref: Cecil [ 60]
Raised B-type natriuretic peptide
Ref: Unknown [ 0]
Raised NT-proBNP
Ref: Unknown [ 0]

Imagin Study

 Hepatomegaly
Ref: Harrison [ 1765]
Pleural effusion
Ref: Harrison [ 1764]
LV hypertrophy
Ref: Harrison [ 1767]

Complication

 Pulsatile liver
Note: May pulsate during systole if tricuspid regurgitation is present
Ref: Harrison [ 1765]
Hypocapnia
Ref: Harrison [ 1764]
Jaundice
Ref: Harrison [ 1765]

Risk Factors

 Age greater than 60
Ref: Harrison [ 1763]
Diabetic
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology and causes of heart failure]
Obesity
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology and causes of heart failure]

Cause

 Hypertension
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology and causes of heart failure] Harrison [ 1763] Cecil [ 55]
Myocardial infarction
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology and causes of heart failure] Cecil [ 55]
Coronary artery disease
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology and causes of heart failure] Harrison [ 1763]

Other