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Dry Eye

 Syn. Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca , Dry Eye Disease , Dry eye syndrome

Signs & Symptoms

 Blurred vision
Note: Usually temporary and often improves with treatment of the condition
Ref: Uptodate [ Dry eyes] BCSC [ 52]
Excessive tearing
Ref: Uptodate [ Dry eyes] BCSC [ 52]
Foreign body sensation
Ref: Uptodate [ Dry eyes] Vaughan [ 267] BCSC [ 54]
Light sensitivity
Ref: Uptodate [ Dry eyes] Vaughan [ 267] BCSC [ 52]

Physical Examination

 Fine punctate stippling in the interpalpebral fissure
Ref: Vaughan [ 267]
Stare test time less than 8 seconds
Ref: BCSC [ 52]
Cicatricial conjunctival scarring
Ref: BCSC [ 52]

Lab / Serology

Imagin Study

 Abnormal tear break-up time
Note: modality: Fluorescein staining, Less than 10 seconds will be considered as abnormal
Ref: Uptodate [ Dry eyes] Vaughan [ 269] BCSC [ 55]

Complication

 Corneal calcification
Ref: BCSC [ 52]
Redness of the eyelids #Evaporative_Dry_Eye
Note: Evaporative Dry Eye
Ref: BCSC [ 54]
Corneal scarring
Note: Permanent damage to visual acuity can occur
Ref: Uptodate [ Dry eyes] Vaughan [ 271] BCSC [ 55]

Risk Factors

 Diabetic
Ref: Uptodate [ Dry eyes]
Elder
Ref: BCSC [ 50]
Female
Ref: Uptodate [ Dry eyes]

Cause

 Meibomian gland dysfunction #Evaporative_dry_eye
Note: Evaporative dry eye
Ref: Uptodate [ Dry eyes] BCSC [ 51]
Chronic topical anesthetic abuse
Ref: BCSC [ 52]
Cicatricial conjunctival scarring
Ref: BCSC [ 52]

Other