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Signs & Symptoms
Exertional dyspnea
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]
Harrison
[ 1819]
Orthopnea
Ref:
Harrison
[ 1819]
Myxomatous mitral valve disease
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]
Weakness
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]
Physical Examination
Holosystolic murmur
Note: Heard best over the apex
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]
Harrison
[ 1819]
Cecil
[ 83]
Atrial fibrillation
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]
Widely split S2
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]
Harrison
[ 1819]
Imagin Study
Left ventricular enlargement
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]
Harrison
[ 1819]
Widen p wave
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]
Leftward displacement of the apical impulse
Note: due to Left ventricular enlargement
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]
Complication
Distended neck veins
Note: due to Right-sided heart failure
Ref:
Harrison
[ 1819]
Midsystolic click
Note: due to Mitral valve prolapse
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]
Infective endocarditis
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]
Cause
Myxomatous mitral valve disease
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]
Fibroelastic deficiency disease
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]
Degenerative mitral valve disease
Ref:
Uptodate
[ Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of chronic mitral regurgitation]