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Osteoporosis

Syn. Bone loss , Bone rarefaction

Signs & Symptoms

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in men Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women] Harrison [ 2946] Cecil [ 758]

Antiseizure medications

Note: Phenobarbital and phenytoin

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in men Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women] Harrison [ 2946] Cecil [ 758]

Ref: Cecil [ 759]

Note: Anticoagulants

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in men Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women] Harrison [ 2946] Cecil [ 758]

Physical Examination

Chronic active hepatitis

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women]

Excessive thinness

Ref: Harrison [ 2943] Cecil [ 759]

Muscular dystrophy

Ref: Cecil [ 759]

Lab / Serology

Vitamin D insufficiency

Ref: Harrison [ 2943] Cecil [ 759]

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in men Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women] Harrison [ 2947] Cecil [ 759]

Vitamin D deficiency

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in men Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women] Harrison [ 2944] Cecil [ 758]

Imagin Study

Low T-score on bone mineral densitometry

Note: T-score lower than −2.5 SD on bone mineral densitometry, WHO Diagnostic criteria

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in men] Harrison [ 2942] Cecil [ 758]

Severe cervical lordosis

Note: due to Significant vertebral osteoporosis

Ref: Cecil [ 758]

Complication

Hip fracture After a fall

Note: After a fall

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women] Harrison [ 2942] Cecil [ 758]

Vertebral compression fracture

Note: Risk factors: lifting, sneezing, and bending. Many (2/3) asymptomatic

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women] Harrison [ 2942] Cecil [ 758]

Note: After a fall

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women] Harrison [ 2942] Cecil [ 758]

Risk Factors

Ref: Harrison [ 2943]

Age greater than 50

Ref: Cecil [ 757]

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in men Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women]

Cause

Glucocorticoids

Note: ≥5 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent for ≥3mo

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in men Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women] Harrison [ 2946] Cecil [ 758]

Note: Anticoagulants

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in men Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women] Harrison [ 2946] Cecil [ 758]

Antiseizure medications

Note: Phenobarbital and phenytoin

Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in men Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and evaluation of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women] Harrison [ 2946] Cecil [ 758]

Other