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Multiple Sclerosis

 Syn. MS , Generalized multiple sclerosis

Signs & Symptoms

 Weakness
Note: initial symptom in 35%
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features of multiple sclerosis in adults] Harrison [ 3188]
Physical exhaustion
Note: unrelated to the amount of activity performed
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features of multiple sclerosis in adults] Harrison [ 3188]
Fatigue
Note: initial symptom in 35%
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features of multiple sclerosis in adults] Harrison [ 3188]
Decreased libido
Note: Initial symptom in 1%
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features of multiple sclerosis in adults] Harrison [ 3188]

Physical Examination

 Nystagmus
Note: Horizontal - Vertical - Pendular - Periodic alternating Nystagmus
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features of multiple sclerosis in adults]
Horizontal Nystagmus
Note: Horizontal - Vertical - Pendular - Periodic alternating Nystagmus
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features of multiple sclerosis in adults]
Pendular Nystagmus
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features of multiple sclerosis in adults]

Lab / Serology

 Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal banding
Ref: Uptodate [ Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in adults] Harrison [ 3192]
Elevated Cerebrospinal fluid IgG index
Ref: Uptodate [ Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in adults] Harrison [ 3192]
CSF pleocytosis more than 75 cells (negative symptom)
Note: (>75 cells/μL )
Ref: Harrison [ 3192]

Imagin Study

 Abnormal Brain MRI
Ref: Uptodate [ Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in adults] Harrison [ 3192]
Abnormal Evoked Potentials test
Note: Detect subclinical, abnormal central nervous system function
Ref: Uptodate [ Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in adults] Harrison [ 3192]
Abnormal Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal banding
Ref: Uptodate [ Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in adults] Harrison [ 3192]

Complication

 Coma
Ref: Harrison [ 3192]
Uveitis (negative symptom)
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features of multiple sclerosis in adults]

Risk Factors

 Age between 15 and 50
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features of multiple sclerosis in adults]

Cause

 Cigarette smoking
Ref: Uptodate [ Pathogenesis and epidemiology of multiple sclerosis] Harrison [ 3190]
VZV
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features of multiple sclerosis in adults]
Epstein-Barr virus
Ref: Uptodate [ Pathogenesis and epidemiology of multiple sclerosis]

Other