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Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

 Syn. T1DM , diabetes mellitus type 1 , IDDM

Signs & Symptoms

 Polyuria
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical presentation and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in adults] Uptodate [ Epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents] Cecil [ 659]
Polydipsia
Note: due to enhanced thirst, due to hypovolemia, due to increased serum osmolality
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical presentation and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus in adults] Uptodate [ Epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents] Cecil [ 659]
New onset of chronic polydipsia
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents] Cecil [ 659]
Acute severe onset
Ref: Uptodate [ Characteristics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents]

Physical Examination

 New onset of chronic polydipsia
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents] Cecil [ 659]
Drowsiness
Note: due to Diabetic ketoacidosis
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents]
Fruity-smelling breath
Note: due to Diabetic ketoacidosis
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents]

Lab / Serology

 Positive islet cell cytoplasm
Ref: Uptodate [ Characteristics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents]
Positive Autoantibodies to insulin
Ref: Uptodate [ Characteristics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents] Cecil [ 659]
Positive Pancreatic antibodies
Ref: Uptodate [ Characteristics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents]

Imagin Study

Complication

 Distal symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy
Ref: Cecil [ 1085]
Diabetic neuropathy
Ref: Harrison [ 2875]
Autonomic neuropathy
Ref: Harrison [ 2875]

Risk Factors

 Tobacco
Ref: Harrison [ 2875]
Autoimmune disease
Ref: Uptodate [ Classification of diabetes mellitus and genetic diabetic syndromes]
Passive Smoking
Ref: Harrison [ 2875]

Cause

 Insulin deficiency
Note: due to destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells
Ref: Uptodate [ Epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents] Uptodate [ Epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents]

Other