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Abdominal Compartment Syndrome

 Syn. ACS

Signs & Symptoms

 Tensely distended abdomen
Ref: Uptodate [ Abdominal compartment syndrome] Harrison [ 2106] Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/112531/Abdominal-compartment-syndrome/Diagnostic-Approach]
Elevated intraabdominal pressure
Note: >20 mmHg
Ref: Uptodate [ Abdominal compartment syndrome] Harrison [ 2102] Cecil [ 2305]
Severe pain
Ref: Uptodate [ Differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in adults]
Severe abdominal pain
Note: who has suffered trauma or is experiencing unusual abdominal pain post operatively
Ref: Uptodate [ Differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in adults]

Physical Examination

 Tensely distended abdomen
Ref: Uptodate [ Abdominal compartment syndrome] Harrison [ 2106] Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/112531/Abdominal-compartment-syndrome/Diagnostic-Approach]
Abdominal distension
Note: who has suffered trauma or is experiencing unusual abdominal pain post operatively
Ref: Uptodate [ Differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in adults] Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/112533/Abdominal-compartment-syndrome/History-Exam]
Critically ill
Ref: Uptodate [ Abdominal compartment syndrome] Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/112531/Abdominal-compartment-syndrome/Diagnostic-Approach]

Lab / Serology

Imagin Study

 Radiographic finding elevated hemidiaphragms
Ref: Uptodate [ Abdominal compartment syndrome]
Radiographic finding decreased lung volumes
Ref: Uptodate [ Abdominal compartment syndrome]
Radiographic finding atelectasis
Ref: Uptodate [ Abdominal compartment syndrome]

Complication

 Anuria
Note: Later signs include oliguria progressing to anuria
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/112531/Abdominal-compartment-syndrome/Diagnostic-Approach]
Increase in peak airway pressure
Note: Later signs
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/112531/Abdominal-compartment-syndrome/Diagnostic-Approach]

Risk Factors

 Excessive fluid resuscitation
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/112531/Abdominal-compartment-syndrome/Diagnostic-Approach]
Intra-abdominal infection/inflammation
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/112531/Abdominal-compartment-syndrome/Diagnostic-Approach]
Massive blood transfusion
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/112531/Abdominal-compartment-syndrome/Diagnostic-Approach]

Cause

 Caused by pancreatic inflammation
Ref: Cecil [ 428]

Other