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Chronic Clonorchiasis

Signs & Symptoms

 Right upper quadrant abdominal pain
Ref: Cecil [ 956]
Enlarged gallbladder
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]
Nonfunctional gallbladder
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]
Abdominal discomfort
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]

Physical Examination

 Nonfunctional gallbladder
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]
Enlarged gallbladder
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]
Fatigue
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]

Lab / Serology

 Eggs in stool
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]
Elevated alkaline phosphatase level
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]
Elevated serum IgE levels
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]

Imagin Study

 wall thickening
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]
Dilation of intrahepatic bile duct
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]
Intrahepatic bile duct abnormalities
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]

Complication

 Cholangiocarcinoma
Note: due to chronic irritation to epithelial cells
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]
Cholangiohepatitis
Note: due to chronic irritation to epithelial cells
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis]
Pancreatitis #Severe
Ref: Uptodate [ Liver flukes: Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis] Cecil [ 427]

Risk Factors

Cause

Other