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Hepatocellular Carcinoma

 Syn. Adult Liver Cancer , HCC , primary liver cancer

Signs & Symptoms

 Deterioration of liver function
Ref: Cecil [ 466]
Abdominal mass
Ref: Cecil [ 466]
Abdominal pain
Ref: Cecil [ 466]
Mild upper abdominal pain
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features and diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma]

Physical Examination

 Splenomegaly
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features and diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma]
Friction rub
Ref: Cecil [ 466]
Abdominal mass
Ref: Cecil [ 466]

Lab / Serology

 Abnormal Serum aminotransferases
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features and diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma]
Abnormal Serum alkaline phosphatase
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features and diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma]
Mildly anemic
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features and diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma] Uptodate [ Clinical features and diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma]

Imagin Study

 Ultrasound demonstrate Mass lesion with varying echogenicity but usually hypoechoic
Ref: Cecil [ 466]
Imaging study show portal vein obstruction
Ref: Cecil [ 466]
Imaging study show Hepatic vein obstruction
Ref: Cecil [ 466]

Complication

 Intraperitoneal bleeding
Note: due to tumor rupture
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features and diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma]
CT reveals free intraperitoneal blood
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features and diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma]
Paraneoplastic syndromes
Ref: Uptodate [ Clinical features and diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma] Uptodate [ Clinical features and diagnosis of primary hepatocellular carcinoma]

Risk Factors

 Family liver cancer
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/36932/Hepatocellular-carcinoma/Risk-Factors]
Diabetic
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/36932/Hepatocellular-carcinoma/Risk-Factors]
Obesity
Ref: Epocrates [ https://online.epocrates.com/diseases/36932/Hepatocellular-carcinoma/Risk-Factors]

Cause

 Caused by nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Ref: Harrison [ 2906]
Caused by hepatitis B
Ref: Harrison [ 1331] Cecil [ 582]
Caused by hepatitis C
Ref: Harrison [ 1331] Cecil [ 582]

Other